Clauses of contrast and purpose

Clauses of contrast and purpose

Exercise 2

Choose the correct option for each gap below.

Please wait...

1 He won the race _______ being in his best form.

A.in order not to

B.in spite of not

C.however not

D.for not

2 I finished the book _______ I didn't like it at all.

A.even though

B.despite

C.in spite

D.however

3 I didn't tell her the truth _______ hurt her feelings.

A.for not

B.in order to not

C.so that not

D.so as not to

4 The house is very well maintained _______ being an old property.

A.in spite

B.although

C.despite

D.even though

5 I'm training very hard _______ improve my personal best time.

A.in order to

B.for to

C.as to

D.so that

6 _______ we live together, we hardly see each other.

A.However

B.Despite

C.Although

D.In spite of

7 He left his bag on purpose _______ he could have an excuse to go back.

A.for

B.in order to

C.alghough

D.so that

8 I went to the library _______ some books I needed.

A.for borrowing

B.for

C.for to borrow

D.for borrow

9 He's not very good at tennis, _______ the fact that he practices almost every day.

A.in spite of

B.despite of

C.although

D.even

10 You can practise all you want. _______, you'll never beat him.

A.Although

B.Despite

C.However

D.Even though

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Clauses of contrast and purpose: Grammar chart

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Clauses of contrast

Although, even though

We can use although/even though at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence followed by a clause (subject + verb). We NEVER use a comma after although or event though.

• Although/Even though we had a bad game, we won. 
• We won, although/even though we had a bad game.

However

We use however to connect two different sentences. We normally use however after a full stop (.) or a semi-colon (;). However should ALWAYS be followed by a comma.

• We didn’t like the hotel. However, we had a fantastic time. 
• We went to the beach; however, the weather wasn’t perfect. 

Despite/in spite of

Despite and in spite of are normally followed by a noun or a –ing verb. They can go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

• Despite/In spite of the rain, we went to the concert.
• They arrived despite/in spite of leaving very early. 

We can use a clause (subject + verb) after despite/in spite of + the fact that.

• We went out despite/In spite of the fact that it was raining. 

Clauses of purpose

To + infinitive

The most common way to express purpose in English is to + infinitive.

• The student worked hard to pass the test. 

In order to/so as to + infinitive

In order to or so as to + infinitive are more common in formal English, mainly in writing. The negative forms are in order not to and so as not to + infinitive.

• We were asked to stay in order to finish the project. 
• He left home early in order not to be late.
• Use a plastic hammer so as to avoid damage. 
• They walked quietly so as not to wake up the children. 

So that + clause

We can also use so that + subject + verb to express purpose. We normally use a modal verb with this connector. (could, can, would, etc.)

• We left early so that we could park near the centre. 
• He made some flashcards so that it would be easier for his mum to remember the instructions. 

For + noun

We can also use for + noun to express purpose.

• We went to the bar for a drink.
• Would you like to go to the park for a run?