First conditional, future time clauses

Exercises: 1 2 3

Exercise 2

Choose the correct form for each gap below.

1 If you aren't careful, you ______ hurt. Choose TWO correct options

A.might get

B.get

C.will get

2 What will happen if the parachute ______?

A.doesn't open

B.won't open

C.might not open

3 I won't sign up for the dancing competition unless Jack ______ my partner.

A.is

B.must be

C.will be

4 When you ______ Tom, tell him I want to see him.

A.will see

B.see

C.might see

5 If they make a good offer, I ______ the house. Choose TWO correct options

A.should buy

B.buy

C.will buy

6 If the people don't come, we ______ to cancel the party. Choose TWO correct options

A.might have

B.have

C.'ll have

7 Please, can you close the windows before you ______.

A.must leave

B.leave

C.will leave

8 He'll try to get money from you if he ______ you've won the lottery.

A.knows

B.will know

C.would know

9 Before you say anything, ______. Choose TWO correct options

A.let me explain

B.you must listen to me

C.you listen to me

10 He won't ask for help unless it _______ absolutely necessary.

A.is

B.will be

C.might be

Exercises: 1 2 3

First conditional: Grammar chart

First conditional B1

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If clause and main clause

All conditional sentences have two parts: the if clause and the main clause. It doesn’t matter which clause comes first, but when the if clause comes first, we should put a comma after it.

If it rains, we’ll stay home
We’ll stay home if it rains.

If + present, future

In the first conditional, the verb in the if clause is present, and the verb in the main clause is future (will).

If you don’t go to sleep, you’ll be very tired tomorrow.

The if clause may have a present or a future meaning, but the verb is always in the present (NOT future)

If you will be a good boy tomorrow, mummy will buy you a present.
If you are a good boy tomorrow, mummy will buy you a present.

Main clause: will, modal verb, imperative

In the main clause, we can use may, might, can, must, or should instead of will.

If he doesn’t train harder, he may/might lose the championship.
If your room is tidy, you can leave.
If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less sugary things.

Or we can also use an imperative instead of will.

If you arrive after midnight, ring me on my mobile.

Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if … (not)

I won’t go on holiday unless I save some money.
= I won’t go on holiday if I don’t save some money.

Future time clauses: Grammar chart

Future time clauses B1

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When, as soon as, before, after, until

When we use a verb after when, as soon as, before, after or until to talk about the future, we must use this verb in the present tense (NOT future). We use the future in the other part of the sentence.

I’ll retire when I‘ll be 70.
I’ll retire when I‘m 70.
I won’t call you until I will arrive.
I won’t call you until I arrive.

Similar to first conditional

Future time clauses are similar to the first conditional. There’s a main clause and a when/after/etc. clause. We use the verbs in these clauses in the same way as in the first conditional.

We use a comma when the when/after/etc. clause is at the beginning of the sentence. But we don’t use a comma if the when/after… clause is at the end of the sentence.

I’ll retire when I’m 70.
When I’m 70, I’ll retire.

We use the present in the when/after/etc. clause and we use the future in the main clause.

Before you go to sleep, daddy will tell you a story.

In the main clause, we can also use may, might, can, must, should or an imperative instead of will.

As soon as you finish, you can leave.
After you arrive, call me.