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B2 Reading Test
Read a text about climate migrants and for questions 1-6, choose the correct answer.
Climate migrants
As the climate crisis gets worse, millions of people are being displaced – forced to leave their homes – due to environmental problems. These people, often called climate migrants or climate refugees, face serious challenges. Climate change is causing many areas to become less safe or less able to support life. Some people abandon their homes because of sudden disasters like floods, hurricanes, or wildfires. Others must move because of slower changes like rising sea levels, which threaten entire islands and coastal cities, or because droughts make it hard to grow food.
For example, low-lying countries like Kiribati and Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean are at risk of disappearing under the sea. Coastal communities in countries like Bangladesh and the United States are also experiencing flooding that makes life difficult. In agricultural areas, especially in places like sub-Saharan Africa, extreme droughts are reducing the amount of food that can be grown, forcing people to move to more livable areas. These types of migrations will likely increase as climate change continues to affect the world.
One of the biggest problems for climate migrants is that they do not have legal status under international law. Current laws, such as the 1951 Refugee Convention, protect people who are fleeing their countries due to war, persecution, or violence. However, these laws do not include climate change as a reason for seeking refuge; therefore, climate migrants do not receive the same protections or access to help as refugees. Climate immigration on such a scale is quite a recent phenomenon. For this reason, many countries lack clear policies for helping people displaced by natural disasters.
In response to this growing crisis, governments and organisations are working to provide aid and support to climate migrants. This includes emergency aid after disasters, as well as efforts to help communities adapt to changing environmental conditions so that people can remain in their homes. Humanitarian groups like the Red Cross and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) are providing food, shelter, and medical care to people displaced by extreme weather events. These organisations play a key role in helping people recover after disasters, but long-lasting solutions are needed as well.
Some efforts focus on adaptation, which means helping communities prepare for the effects of climate change. For example, in areas where floods are likely to happen, building better flood defences like strategic dams and stronger river banks, can allow people to stay in their homes. In drought-affected regions, introducing new types of crops that can survive with less water may help farmers continue to grow food. However, many countries lack the resources to implement these solutions on a large scale, so international support is needed. Another form of aid is resettlement programs, which allow climate migrants to move to other countries. However, these programs are often small and do not help enough people.
As natural disasters continue to displace millions of people, there is an urgent need for new legal protections for climate migrants. While some countries, like New Zealand, have started small programs to offer visas to the victims of extreme weather events, these programs are rare and limited. There are ongoing discussions at the United Nations about creating new legal frameworks to protect climate-displaced people, but they are taking a long time to move forward. At the same time, the world must work together to reduce the effects of climate change and help vulnerable communities adapt.
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